The specialist cannot effectively search for alternatives without a basic understanding of the type of research the investigator is proposing. Technical Information Specialist Contemporary Topics 34(3):51-60. During Phase I, the information specialist and/or researcher may find it helpful to develop search strategies using research databases available for free on the internet (i.e. Based on this information the specialist developed the following search strategy. The physiologist confirmed that alternative methods exist to test bovine and human sperm penetration such as a variety of cervical mucus tests. At this point the information specialist should have a general idea of how much literature exists on a specific topic. However, at present there is no formal administrative process to organize, coordinate, or evaluate these activities. CAAT‒USA is part of the Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, now with a European branch (CAAT‒Europe), located since 2010 at … Jensen (1995). A survey on the status of semen analysis in 118 laboratories in China. suffer, the two major schools of thought are this: people agree with animal testing only if it is humane and necessary, or people completely disagree with animal testing in any way, shape, or form. For a listing of terms that may be helpful when conducting alternative searches information specialists may refer to Animal Welfare Information Center Scope Notes. Ki Hyun Joo Cofounder/CEO of Nuonchic, Inc. Saratoga, CA. In the article, “Alternatives to animal testing: A review” by Doke et al, 2015 the author says that animal ethics is an issue as important as human welfare and because of that, alternatives methods for animal testing were proposed to overcome some of the … 3. A perfect strategy to retrieve every citation regarding reduction, refinement, and replacement does not exist. Using “free” and/or institutional resources with yearly subscriptions offers the information specialist and researcher the freedom to experiment with keywords, explore indexes and thesauruses, and read abstracts. What makes your study unique from previous studies (e.g., testing a new technique, investigating a new compound, further understanding of a biochemical pathway)? 1. When searching for alternatives, information specialists should search multiple databases. Despite the percentage of animal testing opposition being lower than I expected, thirty-four percent is still a large portion of the population. Additional factors include: 1) the degree of communication between the information specialist and the investigator, 2) the knowledge and educational background of the information specialist, and 3) time and money constraints. UC Davis Center for Animal AlternativesProvides resources to access literature on alternatives to animal use, presents at conferences and workshops on topics relevant to the Center and to alternatives, and provides guidance in efficient use of existing information resources, in both print and electronic formats. Keywords: clinical laboratory techniques, standards, data collection, semen analysis, methods, sperm count, motility. Alternatives to animal testing are the development and implementation of test methods that avoid the use of live animals.. These alternatives to animal testing include sophisticated tests using human cells and tissues (also known as in vitro methods), advanced computer-modeling techniques (often referred to as in silico models), and studies with human volunteers. Ki Hyun Joo. EURL ECVAM is an integral part of the Joint Research Centre (JRC), the science and knowledge service of the European Commission and is located at the JRC site in Ispra, Italy. I have relocated to the US early 2009 and established beside the directorship for the Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT) a laboratory for developmental neurotoxicity research based on genomics and metabolomics the respective technologies were made available by a Thought-Leader Award from Agilent. Are there any alternative animal models (e.g., invertebrates, fish, protozoa, etc.)? Center for Contemporary Sciences (CCS) is partnering with GlassWall Syndicate (GWS) to fund companies developing animal testing alternatives, CCS … Read more on onegreenplanet.org Animal Testing Do you know of any prominent authors in your area of research? What are the fewest number of animals that can be used? Examples of some of the questions the IACUC may want to ask in the review process may include the following: If hamster oocytes must be used what methods are being used to superovulate and flush oocytes from the hamster? TSAR tracks progress of an alternative method … Keywords: environmental temperature, sperm preservation, acrosome reaction, egg yolk, female, hamster, human, spermatozoon motility, penetration. Most academic and public library’s websites contain a link to a page entitled “Databases.” Following this link the user will usually be provided with descriptions of the databases available and instructions on how to access these databases using accounts provided by their institution. After initial searching was completed seven different biological and medical databases were selected and searched including AGRICOLA, MEDLINE, CAB ABSTRACTS, BIOSIS PREVIEWS, CSA LIFE SCIENCES ABSTRACTS, EMBASE and ELSEVIER BIOBASE. PCRM/CAAT 2020 Summer School for Innovative Approaches in Science Portal . The EPA’s plan to end animal testing by 2035 follows up on earlier changes to the Toxic Substances Control Act, or TSCA, enacted in 1976. I n 1980, D.A. The UCI Center for Medical Humanities hosted a lecture-discussion — “Replacement, Reduction & Refinement in Practice: Are We Doing All We Can? New CAATwalk newsletter! European spellings are important as well. Search strategies for alternatives may be divided into two phases, reduction and refinement, and replacement. AWIC Series #6. 2. Yiru Sun What keywords were used (e.g., kidney, parathyroid hormone)? In this book, the authors, Russell and Burch propose a new applied science that would improve the treatment of laboratory animals while advancing the quality of science in studies that use animals. The center was created and headed for 27 years by Ellen Goldberg, my predecessor here at Hopkins, as the first and still … If the institution offers self paced tutorials and/or training workshops it is advisable for researchers and information specialists to receive training on the tools available to them through their local library. Center for Contemporary Sciences (CCS) is a nonprofit advancing human-specific research methods and testing to improve lives through education, funding and championing scientific innovation. What is your general area of study (e.g., cardiology, neurology, toxicology, etc.)? Our programs seek to provide a better, safer, more humane future for people and animals. Volz said the EPA’s Science to Achieve Results Program, through which UC Riverside received the new grant, has been funding research on animal alternatives for more than 10 years. This issue includes news and upcoming events from CAAT and around the world of alternatives to animal testing. What specific systems or parts of the anatomy are involved (e.g., central nervous system, brain stem, parabrachial nucleus)? Upon completion of Phase I, the information specialist should have a basic understanding of the research area including: 1) the literature published in the particular field, 2) the techniques used, and 3) the commonly used species. https://www.livescience.com/65401-animal-testing-alternatives.html • ALTEX Volume 38, Number 2 … If hundreds of citations are retrieved using only a few years worth of bibliographic data, then it is necessary to further consult with the investigator on ways to narrow the search. "Animal testing alternatives" is a phrase used to index citations regarding alternatives in the AGRICOLA, MEDLINE, TOXLINE, CANCERLIT, CAB Abstracts, and BIOSIS PREVIEWS databases. ALTBIBBibliography on Alternatives to the Use of Live Vertebrates in Biomedical Research and Testing from the United States National Library on Medicine. The IACUC member requested a search for alternatives to the use of zona free hamster oocytes to test human sperm penetration, motility, and viability. We believe the best science is humane science. After initial information was exchanged about the protocol, a list of keywords was developed. Russell and R.L Burch (1959) in their book The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique 1. (Edited version of this document published in March 1994 issue of Lab Animal) (Updated and revised March 2013), Cynthia P. Smith, M.S. Phase I consists of a generalized database search used to retrieve citations pertinent to the investigator's field of study. If so, what databases were used (e.g., MEDLINE, AGRICOLA, BIOSIS)? Mention or use of a trademark does not constitute endorsement by the United States Department of Agriculture. Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing. Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing. A History of Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing. Keywords: phase contrast, microscope optics, sperm movement, migration, mucus-penetrating characteristics. Our recommendation is to find a vendor that provides you with one platform to search the most databases that are pertinent to your research, as well as the 3Rs of alternatives - Refinement, Reduction and Replacement. Postdoctoral Fellow at Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT) Laurel, MD. AWIC Tips for Searching for Alternatives to Animal Research and Testing, Alternative Farming Systems Information Center, Animal Experimentation and Animal Use Alternatives, Educational Resources for Children, Parents, and Teachers, Marketing Strategies, Consumer Behavior, and Trade, Pollution, Waste Management, and Natural Resources Conservation, Agricultural Biotechnology, Plant Genetics, and Plant Breeding, Lawns and Turf, Landscaping, and Ornamental Plants, Plant Diseases and Disorders, Plant Pests, and Weeds, Production Technology and Agricultural Engineering, Digital Images, Photographs, and Publications, Professional Society and Organizational History, Checklist for Data Management Plan peer review, 3Rs Alternatives: Technologies and Approaches, Alternatives in Education: Veterinary Medicine, Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees, The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique, Animal Welfare Information Center Scope Notes, S7 AND (EVALUAT? OR ANALYSIS OR TEST? Are there in vitro techniques that may reduce or replace the number of animals used (e.g., chorioallantoic membrane assay, use of primary cultured hepatocytes)? In this case, consultation with an expert and review of the literature supported information available on refinement, reduction and replacement alternatives. ALTWEB A global clearing house for information on alternatives to animal testing with multiple sponsors. It is important to keep in mind that although electronic databases are powerful resource tools, most databases do not index journals before the mid-sixties and relevant information from early studies will not be retrieved. Databases currently available in Navigator include: AGRICOLA, AGRIS, BIOSIS, CAB Abstracts, Fish, Fisheries & Aquatic Biodiversity Worldwide, Food Science and Technology Abstracts, GEOBASE, GeoRef, MEDLINE, Wildlife & Ecology Studies Worldwide, and Zoological Record. The following questions may be used to assist in the search for replacement alternatives: When searching for alternatives, information specialists should search multiple databases. Russell, W. and R. Burch (1959) The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique Methuen and Company, London. Alternatives to Animal Use in Research, Testing, and Education This site is also protected by an SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) certificate that’s been signed by the U.S. government. Are you aware of any possible alternatives to your research, such as experiments conducted on alternative species, cell culture, or in vitro studies? Have any computer simulations or statistical models been developed that relate to the study. The first step in conducting a search for alternatives, involves communication between the investigator and the information specialist. This edition includes information about some important upcoming webinars (open to the public) as well as a call for abstracts for our first virtual summit on microphysiological systems, and much more! The following is an actual search that was requested by an IACUC member and a description of the steps that the AWIC information specialist performed. . An overview of non-animal methods that have been proposed for regulatory safety or efficacy testing of chemicals or biological agents can be found in the Tracking System for Alternative Methods (TSAR) resource, provided by the European Union Reference Laboratory for Alternatives to Animal Testing (EURL ECVAM). Depending on the study, other terms such as tissue culture, cell culture, in vitro, simulation, model, refinement, reduction, or alternative may be used. The most efficient means of communicating is a direct dialogue between the investigator and the information specialist. Russell and R.L Burch (1959) in their book The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique1. The https:// means all transmitted data is encrypted — in other words, any information or browsing history that you provide is transmitted securely. If few relevant citations are found, the information specialist may need to broaden the search strategy or use the expanded capabilities of online database searching to develop the search. The Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT) was founded in 1981. To learn more about CAAT and the 3Rs, visit our About Us page. Studies on the development of diluents for the transportation and storage of human semen at ambient temperature. The specialist then conducted a brief initial search using the National Agricultural Library’s DigiTop Navigator platform to become familiar with abstracts in which human sperm penetration, motility, and viability were tested. The Johns Hopkins Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT) has worked with scientists since 1981 to find new methods to replace the use of laboratory animals in experiments, reduce the number of animals tested, and refine necessary tests to eliminate pain and distress. Investigators can assist information specialists by being prepared to give precise and specific information about their research or testing procedures. Swanson, J. Protocols should be evaluated on a case by case basis. Finding alternatives to completely stop animal testing is what people against this activity have been asking for. Institute for Laboratory Animal Research – Evaluates and reports on scientific, technological, and ethical use of animals and related biological resources, and of non-animal alternatives in non-food settings, such as research, testing, education, and production of pharmaceuticals. In toxicology the development and application of in vitro alternatives to reduce or replace animal testing, or to lessen the distress and discomfort of laboratory animals, is a rapidly developing trend. NORINA (Norwegian Inventory of Audiovisuals)Database containing information on over 3,800 audiovisual aids that may be used as alternatives or supplements to the use of animals in teaching and training, including dissection alternatives, at all levels from junior school to University. Guidelines for Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees: consideration of alternatives. Research is ongoing to maximize understanding of animal models to ensure that the testing ultimately performed is optimized and eliminate unnecessary testing. © 2018 The Humane Society Veterinary Medical Association Privacy Policy » For Members » Contact Us », HSVMA Compassionate Care Veterinary Student Scholarship, National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), NORINA (Norwegian Inventory of Audiovisuals). How are the hamsters anesthetized during procedures? Have you had any other searches conducted for you? Citations retrieved during this phase, should provide information on current research, alert the investigator to whether or not they are performing duplicative studies, and possibly provide information to refine experimental techniques. The 3 R's represent reduction in the number of animals used, refinement of techniques and procedures that reduce pain and distress, and replacement of animal with non-animal techniques. Computer-Aided Sperm Analysis (CASA) of sperm motility and hyperactivation. Library web pages and the corresponding databases available through different platforms from these sites, are highly variable from institution to institution. Phase II (Replacement) This section highlights databases that are available on the Internet to search for alternatives to the harmful use of animals in science and education. Johns Hopkins Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing. Please give correct spellings of these structures and any acronyms (e.g., CNS, PBN). Most will require a student, faculty, or patron login. If the investigator has published previous literature this is a good time to read abstracts of his or hers previous work and become familiar with terminology used to describe the study and to note what terms were used to index the abstract. (March 1991) Animal Welfare Information Center Scope Notes. PubMed Developed by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) at the National Library of Medicine (NLM). Many factors may affect the outcome of a literature search, including the area of research, species involved, procedures used, chemical(s) tested, experimental design, and whether or not articles have been indexed. Briefly describe your experimental protocol. The information specialist is now ready to search for possible replacement alternatives. Keywords: cryopreservation methods, semen preservation, spermatozoa physiology, humans, in vitro. The Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, which I took over in 2009, is actually celebrating it's 35th birthday already this year. Many of these databases are available free on the web, while others are fee based and available via vendor, such as DIALOG, OVID, EBSCO, CSA, DIMDI, Elsevier Science, ProQuest, Silverplatter, STN and Thompson Reuters. The Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), part of the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, recognizes scientists for advances in finding and improving alternatives to animal use in life sciences with three awards: the CAAT Recognition Award, the Charles River Laboratories’ Excellence in Refinement Award and the Henry Spira Award. Single sperm cryopreservation on cryoloops: an alternative to hamster zona for freezing individual spermatozoa. Many web-based and other resources dealing with alternatives to animal testing reflect a very serious commitment to the 3Rs and to developing and validating suitable alternatives. Center for Contemporary Sciences (CCS) is announcing a new partnership with GlassWall Syndicate (GWS) to provide funding to companies developing alternatives to animal testing. When searching for alternatives, the staff at the Animal Welfare Information Center (AWIC) refer to the tenets of the 3 R's introduced by W.M.S. OR VITRO). Once the initial exchange of information has taken place, the information specialist can begin to formulate a search strategy. The following may serve as a guideline for the type of information the investigator may be asked to provide: As with any type of searching, success in retrieving relevant citations will depend directly on the quality of the information provided. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) employees and contractors may wish to explore and develop search strategies using databases available through USDA’s Digital Desktop Library (DigiTop) using their government login. AGRICOLA, MEDLINE, TOXLINE) or available through their institutions’ networked resources. — that featured Johns Hopkins University’s Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing Assistant Scientist and Animal Protection Commissioner of Berlin Kathrin Herrmann on May 7. Global resources for the development of replacement, reduction and … EU Reference Laboratory for alternatives to animal testing Welcome to the European Union Reference Laboratory for alternatives to animal testing - EURL ECVAM! If you have any questions, please contact your library or AWIC. The specialist was aware that extensive tests have been developed to assess semen characteristics in domestic farm species and therefore contacted a farm animal reproductive physiologist for further information. A third party should not be used to convey information. Two major alternatives to in vivo animal testing are in vitro cell culture … Before sharing sensitive information online, make sure you’re on a .gov or .mil site by inspecting your browser’s address (or “location”) bar. CAAT 5 Johns Hopkins University, Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing. Animal Welfare Information Center Provides information on methods and sources available to reduce, refine or replace animals used in teaching, testing, and research from the USDA National Agricultural Library. A multidisciplinary approach to searching may yield surprising results particularly for individuals who are not accustomed to searching the literature outside their general area of study, (e.g., Medicine). And consider supporting our mission. The Johns Hopkins University Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT) has worked with scientists, since 1981, to find new methods to replace the use of laboratory animals in experiments, reduce the number of animals tested, and refine necessary tests to eliminate pain and distress (the Three Rs as described in Russell and Burch's Principles of Humane … Animal Welfare Information Center. NIEHS, an ICCVAM member agency, supports development of alternative methods to animal testing in its in-house research and through grants to … Animal Welfare Information Center Provides information on methods and sources available to reduce, refine or replace animals used in teaching, testing, and research from the USDA National Agricultural Library. The Canadian Centre for Alternatives to Animal Methods (CCAAM) and the Canadian Centre for the Validation of Alternative Methods (CaCVAM) aim to develop, validate, and promote non-animal, human biology-based platforms in biomedical research, … Physician’s Committee for Responsible Medicine: Early-Career Researchers Advancing 21st Century Science. The Humane Research & Testing Act, developed and promoted by Citizens for Alternative to Animal Research and Experimentation (CAARE), will be the first of its kind dedicated to funding, incentivizing and training scientists on the use of non-animal alternatives. The NTP Interagency Center for the Evaluation of Alternative Toxicological Methods (NICEATM) is an NTP office focused on the development and evaluation of alternatives to animal use for chemical safety testing. There is widespread agreement that a reduction in the number of animals used and the refinement of testing to reduce suffering should be important goals for the industries involved. A multidisciplinary approach to searching may yield surprising results particularly for individuals who are not accustomed to searching the literature outside their general area of study, (e.g., Medicine). Have you published any previous literature that relates to your current study? Sign up and stay informed! If you are studying the effects of a particular hormone, enzyme, or chemical agent, please give the complete spelling of the compound as well as its trade name and acronym (e.g., bovine somatotropin, BST). Henderson, the dean of the Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health (now the JHU Bloomberg School of Public Health, BSPH), was approached by Robert (Bob) Worsfold, president of Estee Lauder International, director of the Cosmetic Toiletries and Fragrance Association (CTFA, now … AWIC provides information about a number of useful databases that cover the topic areas of biomedical research, veterinary medicine, and animal science. However it is not used to index alternative studies in other databases such as EMBASE and LIFE SCIENCES. . The latest CAATwalk newsletter is out now! Provides access to citations from biomedical literature, access to full-text articles at journal Web sites and other related Web resources, and access and links to the other molecular biology resources. https://www.crueltyfreeinternational.org/why-we-do-it/alternatives-animal-testing A global clearing house for information on alternatives to animal testing with multiple sponsors. What species are you currently working with (e.g., rats, dogs, swine, etc.)? The .gov means it’s official.Federal government websites always use a .gov or .mil domain. In addition, information on alternatives is available in newsletters, books, and proceedings, which not all databases index. Yiru Sun. When searching for alternatives, the staff at the Animal Welfare Information Center (AWIC) refer to the tenets of the 3 R's introduced by W.M.S. Although useful, this phrase should never be the only strategy used to retrieve information on alternatives. * ITEMS = number of citations retrieved that contain search terms. Phase I (Reduction and Refinement) What years were searched (e.g., 1995-present)? About Us: Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing CAAT USA The Johns Hopkins Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), founded in 1981, is … and D.J.B. Stokes, W.S. AWIC provides links and descriptions of databases providing information on biomedical research, biological science, animal science, veterinary medicine, fish and wildlife research, toxicology and specialized alternative methods. 8 p. Note. The following guidelines were developed to assist researchers, information specialists, and Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) members, when conducting literature searches to determine if alternatives to the use of animals exist and whether a protocol unnecessary duplicates previous research.
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